Woodblock printing, a color printing technology to copy art, according to the drawings to enter different colored shades, Yin and Yang, were engraved many plates, according to the colors, overprinting or overprint. Used to be called Watercolour block printing.
Woodblock printing is a unique printing methods, specifically designed to copy ink, ink painting and silk manuscripts, such as works of art. Printing products, can maintain the original style to achieve genuine results, known as "re-creation art."
, Watermark print materials and tools
Wood is generally used close-grained wood, wood uniform, smooth surface of pear wood, white fruit, birch, Basswood and jujube wood. Made of Basswood and Birch plywood, five-lay Board, seven Board effect is very good. Ash plywood, wood grain, watermark printmaking rubbing special artistic effects can be achieved.
Before the carved wood, first wood sandpaper, smooth surface made of wood, to engraving and sculpturing. When sanding wood, wood should be sanded on the rectangular smaller pieces, flat friction along the wood grain in the wood, until smooth so far. As a Deputy, the texture is not very smooth, slightly rough wood signs, easy to print all kinds of natural interest, achieve watermark prints of "wood" effect.
Wood cutters prepare a 12 piece set of high wood block knife. Managed to make comfortable wooden knife is better. Watermark prints especially in the round knife, Fang Kou knife, triangle, flat-nosed, MITRE cutter is appropriate. Saber Saber can be used to tackle large areas removed part of peace. Oblique cutters used to cut wood, knife blades sharp, sharp oblique should be beveled knives of different one.
Watermark prints when rubbing the paper, rice paper, rice paper with "net" is best. Selection of Dan Xuan or clamps as needed vision, was also used to using Pi Xuan, filter paper, absorbent paper and professional printmaking paper. All in all, printed watermark prints on paper, with good water absorption and sensitivity, toughness, less dry color is appropriate.
Selection transparent performance of Chinese pigments and pigment watercolor paints. Use gouache powder pigments, such as advertising, may achieve the moisturizing effect of heavy. Japan woodblock print of the waterborne paints are not bad, but not with oil paints.
Pigment
Friction in the process of rubbing, the general use of "Ma Lian". "Ma Lian" term comes from Japan, which uses large shoots of bamboo shoot skin skin eraser.
"Ma Lian" of making method: selected good a more wide of shoots skin soaking in hot in the, to completely soft Shi out, again according to is less than shoots skin of width, cut a round hard pieces, coated Shang a layer rubber, will fine rope disc stick in this block round hard pieces Shang, became a has hard paper pad with of rope cake, again will this rope cake posted in shoots Pi Guang of side, will shoots skin close rope cake edge volume tight, two in Middle knot made a "Ma Lian".
Ma Lian
Brush color brush based on the layout portion size, ready for all kinds of sizes of shaded pen, Gouache, oil, brush, and good writing brushes brushes.
Other appliances, toner box, white plates, wet paper with a watering can, a paperweight with a metal ruler, and so on.
Watering can
The saying goes: "we must first sharpen his tools. "Print picture effects and tools and materials is inseparable from the performance, familiar with and master these 2E_ characteristics, work tools and materials performance.
Second, watermark print production processes and methods
Sketch a picture watermark print finish first to make small composition design, design should be according to works printed after the wet and dry, shade, the actual characteristics in drawings on anticipated good, then completed a small drawings. In accordance with his purpose of creation and with ink, use color to make multiple attempts to select that reflects your intentions, and watermarking features the drawings to enlarge it. Drawings after enlargement, considering the characteristics and features of watermark prints at the same time, address-plates, Edition, Edition, water changes, registration procedures, color configuration, and so on a series of technical problems in making watermarks.
In drawings in the form of composition is determined, it needs to follow the laws of formal, refine, enhance and enrich the composition form of structure. Work structure in composition, is a sword shape, color, flavor, wood taste, flavor combination of form factors, different structures to form a variety of forms of beauty, gives a different artistic appeal.
Pirated version with a sharpened pencil on paper with a single outline drawings and structural parts, then this rough sketch in turn covering the plate that has been dealt with. In addition, regardless of what the drawings depicted on the Board, in front of the engraving, are required on the Board over lighter colors, engraving or stay on the Board in part of the time to shape clear, knife touch clarity, so that helps authors better transport knives.
Watermark prints generally requires one master and multiple Vice, version of the method: turn the artwork painted on a Board, carved after the Board, again was based on this version, take copies of transparent paper, images painted on the main page with a pen on paper. Then this color copy paper for regional locations on the main Board, pad of paper, carbon copies to a second Board, is Vice. According to the picture needs, primary and secondary version is not applied enough and Visual details add a third, fourth block, the shape or color of images to increase after the screen cover. Encounter something bad, you can add a block up, aligned in the original part of the set up.
Engraving on wood engraving with a knife, regardless of the tool, you can cut many different shapes of point, line and block. Several knives can also be creating different feels and artistic effect. Shipment method is using the blade of the sword striker, side front in pushing on a Board, pick, Halo, fibrillation, rocker, shovel, scrape, pole, and so on.
Push this carving is depicting images of the main blade, wood pinch a knife, with a round knife, triangular knives, Fang Kou pushed forward angled across the smooth and uniform, neatly can cause positive or negative of line, mass, surface. Watermark printmaking skill and create watermark
Pick round knife, triangle, Fang Kou-nosed short version of sword into the surface the flip, size, length, thickness in different points of circle, triangle, square. If you use plywood engraving, pick should pay attention to the direction of the wood grain with a knife to the vertical, wood can be naturally broken when you pick. Such as along wood pick, not easily broken.
Halo with a knife, flat tool, knife tilt oblique cutting layout, light weight, shipped after the knife will have a similar brush depth transition effects.
Chatter round knife, triangular knives, when Fang Kou knives knife, before and after the setback, rises and falls, formed weight, lack of line and plane, has a "stone".
Rocker with round knife, triangular knives around rocked forward transport knives, carved on both sides like a jagged winding, odd results.
Shovel head slightly flat, flat shovel with a knife in the past, it becomes "shovel". Shovels are generally wide, except for Saber, sword of knife scooping out of touch, edge rough, more change. Due to shovel width, with the needs of some.
Use blade or scraper tip scrape depressions in the wood, light scratch can scrape out soft Dent, scratch scratches appear stronger. Scrape out the knife touches, there is often a more subtle feeling.
Single pole carved with oblique knives can be incised or carved, slope of the balance with a knife.
"Incised" is carved on the black female in the layout of the line, area, point, in addition to this the layout remain in; "carved" is carved on a white background of the convex-shaped line, surface, point, in addition to the layout. Using "incised" or "carved" single, outline the contours of the body, which is our traditional way, used properly, is very beautiful and full of ethnic characteristics.
Knife using the key is how to shape the image of the above style, whether it is the choice of carved, incised inscription is what tools to use, what blade, must pay attention to the shape and characteristics of the object and knife touch, mark role into full play, enhance artistic appeal. Using the knife, select tool type is not available in one piece too much clutter. To prevent monotony of mediocrity with a knife, according to the draft description, and lack of vitality.
Rubbing the watermark layout key, is to master the water change. Whether it's wood moisture and absorbs moisture in the paper, have direct impact on the quality of rubbing. Before the rubbing, first use a spray bottle to spray the paper evenly flows, spray evenly spread on paper. Hot weather or dry season spray may be wet. Rainy weather, the humidity in the air, the moisture in the paper is not easy to evaporate, is best. Paper in moisture than dry swell, in the entire rubbing process, are basically designed to maintain a certain humidity to avoid inaccurate. General information first printed after the Deputy master, first printed pale color after dark. In rubbing process will be wet paper flat put in version Shang, cover old newspaper or plastic film, pressure Shang paperweight tool, on good mark line (in watermark prints will be printing paper side alignment more long of and picture parallel of a article line, then again will vertical extended standard to printing paper Shang of in the end, such even printing paper draft Hou deformation, and expansion big, also only from middle to II even extends, not effect registration of accuracy). Start color cast on the Edition, each layout color cast need to be repeated several times. If found rubbing too much moisture penetration, can be "broken ink method", that is, emergencies write clean brush dipped in water in the opposite direction, so that water pressure water back.
In addition, a watermark of ancient prints, aimed at copying paintings. After detailed version, production, printing can be done with pen, ink, and color, and Aqua and moist, shade, and almost exactly like the original special effects. Now Rong Bao Zhai, Duo Yun Xuan publishing units in China, this method is still used in the ancient and modern Chinese painting.
This printing process is:
(A) write off: full-time by the artist of this work. First color Edition on all drawings within the writings ascribed to a version of the same hue, there are several colors on the screen, several registration. Simple picture has two or three sets of color, fine and complex to dozens of units. Write off in accordance with the number of ink in a sheet of transparent paper and requested that the pictures of dark and light shades reflect the level and the stroke, this paper is then glued to the wood carving.
(B) block: apart from according to the ink line engraving, engraved, and reference is made to the original, carefully grasp, armed with a knife, to convey vividly the spirit and style of the original.
(C) printing: after the carving, according to footage of the need, in turn, by printing a picture. Printing the paper being used, mainly to rice paper, silk, ink materials and raw materials must be exactly the same.
Due to the materials used in printing and mounting forms identical to the original, this watermark replication are particularly strong, is exactly like the original, several genuine results.
Modern watermark prints rubbing completed dry through yihou, according to international prints tiqian practices, must in close to picture bottom half cm at, from left to right, with pencil signed Shang works of print (with denominator said total print, molecular said subsection several site), and works title, and prints type, and works of size, and author name and the creation years, to said author on himself works of sense and works authenticity difference of logo.
During a practice (copy the watermark)
Three, watermark prints special texture techniques
Texture intent refers to the texture of the body. Watermark printmaking refers to rubbing out of various natural forms of structure and features. Is not a knife carved out of the texture in print, texture through the veneer of specially selected material, fabric, white paper, decorative wall paper, sand, sawdust and other shows. Texture of the art of using enhanced watermark prints appeal, cannot be ignored in the watermark prints.
Paste the texture paste material texture and in understanding the material texture on the basis of the effect and characteristics of. Objective image with abstract textures, abstract or figurative or imagery, or even realistic artistic effect. All of this requires an artist of unique inspiration and wisdom, mastery of the printing technology-savvy and the ability to manage a variety of material. Making special prints, and improve, concave, convex, plane, inclined above all traces, texture, work out the best printed programme.
Gravure method this method and etchings in the gravure printing are similar. With a dry color, you can pick up some paste, coating on the dented texture, convex with a transparent plexiglass piece along the texture of the grain on the color removed, so that the color there are dents, printed paper covered it up, by Ma Lian or spoon from the back pressure friction. Grinding pressure strength depending on the moisture content of the paper.
General embossed with old oil using the color you need, using flat panel, convex marks printed on the texture brush, because the flat width of the pen, less color in water, so fewer colors rubbed on Wale, recessed without any color. So that you can print out a raised delicate texture.
Wet printing color Chinese painting or watercolor painting color, add water as needed and mix thoroughly, slightly more than printed paper with water, with a brush using color, printed on textured coating, printed paper covered, gently massage with a MA Lian or remakes to print the desired texture.
Overlap on the color version, printed tint, then add darker overlay printing at the same site. First virtual, and then brush color overprinted in the same place. Edition printed at the same site a cool color to print warm or first printing colors cool colors. This overlaps with a thin color imprint, CDP, made changes in the natural, rich overall effect.
Printing method if you printed the picture opened, overall color relationship is relatively unorganized, sections not harmonized enough, covering the printed picture color aligned, transparent color brush role uniform tone, thin cover several times, will be removed on the screen "fire" and correct problem is not unified.
Various techniques of integrated will concave printing method, and convex printing method, and wet printing method, method while in once printing in the completed, need convex Department styling of place, can will color with Yu convex Department, local printed need concave styling of place, will color wipe Yu concave Department, printing paper back with Ma Lian or spoon pressure, will color adsorption to printing paper Shang, also can used wet printing method makes its moist, and infiltration of, makes its rubbing effect unpredictable. Repeat printing, integrated watermark prints special skill to complete.
"Method for the article then, then. "Technique is a summary of predecessors in practice, constantly enriched, so we have to go through their own learning and practice, accumulated experience, and on this basis in order to innovate and improve. If this book can help watermark print writing and research skills, to start with, are pleased. Author is limited, biased place please correct me.
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